ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION

WHAT IS FGM? Female Genital mutilation or female circumcision can be defined as the removal of the external female genitalia that includes clitorial gland, inner labia, clitorial hood depending on the country or ethnicity of the circumciser.
TYPES OF FGM :
The world health organization categorized FGM into different categories or types.
Also read African countries with the highest level of maternal mortality. 

  1. TYPE I: It involves removal of the clitorial hood and the circumciser pulling the clitorial glans with her thumb and cuts it off. 
  2. TYPE II: It involves the partial or complete removal of the inner without the removal of the clitorial glans and outer labia 
  3. TYPE III(INFIBULATION) : It is called the sewn closed category, it is the removal of the external genitalia and fusion of the wound. The practice is very common in countries like Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia etc. According to UN, in 2010, 20 percent of women in Africa has experienced this kind of FGM. 
  4. TYPE IV: It is defined as other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes including pricking, piercing,etc. 
WHAT ARE THE ROOT CAUSES :
  • PSYCHOLOGICAL - It is rooted in the mental junk that women are not equal to men, therefore should be treated differently.Experts believe it is attributed to gender inequality. 
  • TRADITIONAL - It is caused by customs and traditions in many African societies and parts of Asia. The prevalence sometimes reflects on certain ethnicities. The practice maybe ethnic marker but differ along national lines. 
  • RELIGION - Surveys have shown that many countries believe that it is a religious requirement but major religions in Africa like Islam and Christianity do not support it. 
   COMPLICATIONS:
    FGM has been known to cause many harm to women and it has been proven to have no health benefits.
Short term complications include: Swelling, bleeding, tetanus, urinary infection.
 Long term complications: FGM may place women at higher risk of problems during childbirth, infertility, menstrual flow, stillbirth etc
WHAT IS THE RATE IN THE WORLD: According to UNICEF figures in 2016, more than 200 million were affected. The process is found mainly in African countries but the practice can still be found in the middle East and East Asia.
WHAT IS THE RATE IN AFRICA: According to demographic and health surveys in Africa. Africa has the highest level of FGM in the world. The survey showed that more that more than 150 million women in Africa  are victims of FGM.
  According to UNICEF statistics, this is the list of African countries with the highest level of FGM in Africa.
COUNTRY               LEVEL OF FGM

  1. Somalia                98%
  2. Guinea                  97%
  3. Djibouti                93%
  4. S. Leone                90%
  5. Mali                       89%
  6. Egypt                     87%
  7. Sudan                    87%
  8. Eritrea                  83%
  9. Burkina faso       76%
  10. Gambia                 75%

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